Globalisation :: miscellaneous

Globalization Globalization is a term, which has conjured broad scholastic discussion over its effect and believability, offering ascend to various viewpoints harbored by their individual researchers. Coming about because of this division is an absence of all inclusive acknowledgment towards a solitary definition past expansive depictions, for example, expanded worldwide interconnectedness.† Hence so as to increase a comprehension of the marvels it is important to recognize its two significant structures, and the different specialists included. Patriotism In The Global VillageINTRODUCTIONWith the unfolding of the data age there has been a contracting of relative separations among individuals and places everywhere throughout the world. With an expansion in global correspondence comes an increment in social sharing. Societies everywhere throughout the planet reflect impacts of neighboring societies and other global exchanging accomplices. As these and numerous different components progress in the direction of making a worldwide town numerous individuals are confounded by the expansion in patriotism. Patriotism is a profoundly enthusiastic marvel and as such is truly eccentric. Patriotism is a long ways past its pinnacle and the present ascent is likely just a marker of the transitional phase of globalization.GLOBAL VILLAGEToday it isn't unexpected to here the expression worldwide town utilized in consistently discussion. It is likewise regular to here somebody state, What the heck is the worldwide town? The worldwide town is the possibility that the world and its kin structure an interconnected social entire, a town of normal interests and concerns, connected by worldwide correspondence, media, and fast global transportation. The worldwide town has risen by means of the introduction of the data age. Innovative advances have persistently extended the limits of our correspondence capacities and by utilizing improving PDA innovation or the Internet any individual can cooperate with another person from a totally extraordinary culture. Since it is so natural and moderate to take part in these diverse encounters, an ever increasing number of individuals have been doing as such. Culturally diverse trades regularly ascend from or bring about basic interests or concerns creating. For instance, worldwide organizations have a personal stake in the economies of the different nations wherein they lead business. The more grounded the economies the better business will be. This is the kind of basic intrigue and worry that the worldwide town includes. All societies are constantly advancing and the data age has expanded the capacity of one culture to impact another culture. As all social orders embrace highlights of different societies the number of inhabitants in the planet starts to build up a homogenous culture.

Socialnetworkingsecurity Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8750 words

Socialnetworkingsecurity - Dissertation Example Rather, numerous associations either restrict web based life use by and large, or have no strategy at all with respect to internet based life use. These two methodologies are unacceptable. As per the worldwide financial pattern, individuals and associations that don't receive online networking are deserted and neglect to receive the noteworthy rewards. Along these lines, web based life could be marked a fundamental shrewdness. We permit web based life use with no strategies or rules, thusly presenting ourselves to security dangers. This paper essentially investigates the security dangers related with person to person communication to people and associations, and the conceivable specialized and managerial wellbeing measures. Part 1 INTRODUCTION, STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM, SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS, PREMISE, DEFINITIONS, LIMITATIONS AND DELIMITATIONS Introduction Social systems administration destinations notoriety has enormously expanded. Nobody can contend the handiness of destinations, fo r example, Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. They are utilized for proficient systems administration and quests for new employment, as a methods for expanding deals income, as a data device in regards to wellbeing and different issues or as an approach to reconnect with companions. Obviously, messages have lost their situation as the fundamental web based specialized instruments because of the blast of other person to person communication alternatives, cooperation and joint effort (Freeman, 2004). As indicated by a report by The Wall Street Journal in 2009, there are more long range informal communication accounts than Webmail account. These days, clients depend more on online journals, tweets and long range informal communication presents on supplement their trade of individual and expert data. We live in a period where our character online appear to dominate our real character, just as key individual and money related frameworks, in this way presenting significant security chances t hat are related with them. Throughout the years, security chances on procedure, individuals and application have been recognized by scientists and programmers (Abraham, 2012). This study’s fundamental reason for existing is to give a diagram of the primary security issues or dangers relating to long range interpersonal communication. Proclamation of the Problem Why should access to individual information be constrained, and what are the security dangers emerging from long range informal communication? Situational Analysis with an end goal to utilize an increasingly severe procedure for doing a situational investigation via web-based networking media, the examination will utilize SWOT model. To initiate, we start by tuning in, which fills in as the statistical surveying, substance, area and tone of the conversations found in web based life. From the listening exercises, one will pick up understanding as follows: Talent: based on listening exercises, what abilities are essentia l so as to participate in web based life? Mechanical ability is required therefore because of karma of this, investment is profoundly confined in the domain of web-based social networking (Abraham, 2012). Time: Knowledge with respect to the time required will be important to devote to our online networking tries is basic. The primary point being the impact to different parts of the business as time movements to exercises in internet based life. Through tuning in, one can obtain some degree for the time period looked regarding being included (Abraham, 2012). Capital: Through tuning in, one can decide the range secured by online conversation, accordingly giving a recommendation to what is important to get ready for marriage. Clearly, there is a cost included with regards to preparing representatives on taking an interest in internet based life, which must be thought of - this is viewed as the

Hosting a Successful Open House

Hosting a Successful Open House Your best chance to make a positive first impression Your students' parents are powerful allies and can make your job much more manageable. Learn some tips on how to foster a positive relationship with parents and host a successful open house. New teachers will find this resource particularly valuable. Looking for more Back to School resources? We have hundreds of them in our Back to School Headquarters. Updated on: February 1, 2007 Hosting a Successful Open HouseThe Universal After-School Question Expert Opinion Here's a nifty idea I always share with parents: invite parents to change the typical question they ask their children every day. Instead of asking their children, “What did you learn in school today?” they should inquire, “What questions did you ask in school today?” By making this slight change, parents will be able to have more stimulating conversations with their youngsters instead of a series of painfully brief responses (“Nothing!”; “I dunno!”). By this point you may be thinking, “Hey, there seems to be a lot of stuff to juggle and manage as a teacher.” Well, that's true. But here's a tip on how you can make that juggling a little easier and double your influence as a teacher: enlist parents as partners in your classroom instructional program. But first, a story: in 1944, the nuclear physicist Isidor Isaac Rabi won the Nobel Prize for his work on atomic nuclei. After his acc eptance speech, he was asked about some of the major influences in his life. He told the story about how he grew up in Brooklyn. When his friends all came home from school, their parents always asked them, “What did you learn in school today?” However, when Isidor came home from school each day, his mother always asked him, “Izzy, did you ask a good question today?” He told how that single question from his mother every day helped him develop the inquisitive mind necessary for academic success and his eventual scientific discoveries. Most teachers have discovered that parents can be very powerful allies in any child's educationâ€"from preschool up through twelfth grade. Keeping parents informed and inviting them to become part of the educational process can significantly influence any youngster's scholastic success. Teachers who take advantage of “parent power” are those who significantly multiply their teaching effectiveness. Putting Out the Welcome Mat Secondary Thoug hts Parent involvement is not just for elementary students. The success of students at the middle school or high school level is highly dependent upon the engagement parents as educational partners. Former high school teacher Phil Monteith says, “You better be in touch with parents, or you are missing a tremendous public relations opportunity. When middle school and high school teachers start a conversation with parents, then positive opinions about teachers in the community escalate.” Open housesâ€"and their close cousins, the back-to-school night and the meet-the-teacher nightâ€"are one of the annual rites of passage for every classroom teacher. Whether you are teaching elementary school or high school, you will undoubtedly be part of this event every year. Open houses occur sometime during the first few weeks of the school year and are an opportunity for parents to get to know you and their child's academic program. Open houses, back-to-school night, and meet-the-teacher nig ht provide parents with an “inside look” into the daily activities and occurrences of your classroom. It's also a wonderful opportunity for you to actively recruit parents as partners in the education of their children. Here are some tips and ideas that can help you make this annual event successful and purposeful: Send out personal invitations beforehand. You may want to invite your students to construct the invitations using art materials. Instead of asking students to take them home (where they may wind up in the washing machine), consider mailing the invitations. On the invitation, include the following information: name and address of the school, date and time of the event, your room number (and how to find the room), your name, and a brief outline of the evening's schedule. Plan your presentation and what you will be saying to parents beforehand. Be sure you share something about yourself (where you grew up, your education, your family, your educational philosophy) as well as some of your goals for the year. Your presentation should be no longer than 10 to 11 minutes tops! If your presentation is longer than 11 minutes, it will definitely fall on deaf ears (take it from meâ€"this is an inviolable rule!). Here are some topics you might want to cover: Elementary School Middle School/High School Daily schedule Discipline policy Homework Homework Grading Grading Classroom rules Field trips Remedial help Report cards Special programs Fund-raisers Reading curriculum Extracurricular activities It's Elementary A friend of mine shares this very important piece of advice: When setting up your room for back-to-school night or open house, be sure to have plenty of adult chairs available. My first year of teaching first grade, I forgot this rule. As a result, I had many very large adults trying to sit in many very small chairs. It was quite embarrassing to watch people trying to stand up at the end of my presentation. Secondary Thoughts For open houses at the m iddle school and high school levels, parents typically follow a much-abbreviated schedule of classes that their child participates in each day. It's important that you keep your presentation short and snappy because parents will need to move to several additional rooms throughout the evening. Dress professionallyâ€"remember, first impressions are often lasting impressions. Men should wear a coat and tie or at least a dress shirt and tie along with pressed slacks. Women should wear a pantsuit, blouse and skirt, or dress. Incidentally, go “light” on the perfume and aftershave. Prepare your room appropriately. Hang a “Welcome” sign outside the door, and be sure your name and the room number are prominently displayed. Have a sign-in sheet for parents as well as a handout listing the activities and presentations for the evening. Freshen up your bulletin boards, and print a daily schedule on the chalkboard. Set out sample textbooks, and be sure all desks and tables are clean. Be s ure each child's desk has a folder with samples of the student's work. Post additional student work (be sure to have at least three samples for each student) on bulletin boards. Post photographs of students and activities throughout the room. Keep in mind that some parents may not have fond memories about their school experiences, so here's a great opportunity for you to win them over! Greet each and every parent at the door with a handshake and a smile. This is a wonderful opportunity for you to put your best foot forward. Be sure every parent has a name tag (remember that the last name of a student and the last name of her or his parents may be differentâ€"always, always check beforehand). Provide a tray of refreshments (ask for contributions, particularly if different cultures are represented in your classroom) and appropriate drinks. As parents arrive, direct them to a table on which you have a stack of index cards, pencils/pens, and an empty shoebox. Invite parents to write a q uestion or two on a card and place it in the box. At the end of your presentation, quickly shuffle through the cards and respond to general questions or those most frequently asked (“How much homework do you give?” “How is reading taught?”). Inform parents that you will contact them personally to respond to more specific questions or ones that focus exclusively on their child's work or progress (“Why did Angela miss recess the other day?” “When will Peter be able to see the reading specialist?”). Keep your presentation brief (remember K.I.S.S.â€"Keep It Short and Sweet!). Afterward, invite parents to stay and look at their child's work. Circulate around the room, try to meet all the parents again with another handshake and smile, and offer at least one positive remark about their child. This is not the time for personal conferences (“I'd really like to talk with you, Mrs. Smith. May I call you to set up a personal meeting at another time?”).

Book Review Playing for Keeps a History of Early...

hName: Johnson Waweru Occupation: Freelance writer Date: 26th November, 2014 Book Review: Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball, 20th Anniversary Edition The development of sports from their early stages, their metamorphosis and evolution to their current form and status is one of the most interesting areas of study. Unfortunately, most writers on such subjects only concentrate on the sport itself and players without exploring other ulterior factors that influence the development of a sport such as the emotional, economic and social environment. The book, Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball by Warren Goldstein is one of the few that have managed to avoid this perennial mistake. This paper is a review of the book,†¦show more content†¦I believe that it would have been better if it had incorporated the contribution of various players and the impact of various particular games in marking landmark achievements in the development of this sport. In conclusion, this paper has reviewed the book Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseba ll by Warren Goldstein. It has skimmed through its content and shown how it has managed to achieve its objectives. It has also highlighted the qualifications and experience of the writer as well as the shortcomings of the book. All in all, this is a book which did justice to the history of baseball. Works Cited Goldstein, Warren. Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,Show MoreRelatedProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCritical chain method Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure andRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBrier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David MRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

The War Of The American Civil War - 1324 Words

There were many events that led to the cause of one of America’s most devastating war, the American Civil War. The American Civil War was an unfortunate war that cost more than the lives of six hundred thousand people. Events such as the Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Abraham Lincoln resulted in the four yearlong battles between the Northern and Southern states due to social and economic differences on the idea of slavery. In the 19th century, America described their westward expansion as the Manifest Destiny. The topic of slavery was still at a dispute in America. The Southern States, whose economies were heavily dependent on agriculture, needed slave labor for the mass production of†¦show more content†¦Many people were satisfied with the Missouri Compromise keeping the stability of the Northern and Southern States, until the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 nullified it. In the early 1850s, settlers wanted to move into the area of Nebraska, which was just a territory. Stephen A. Douglas wanted to be president, and so needed to help out the economy of his state by building a railroad across the country expanding westward. Douglas had a strong belief of the Manifest Destiny, and â€Å"hoped to organize federal lands west of Missouri as past of his program for economic development†. Douglas needed the Louisiana Purchase to be organized into territories in order to have northern rail route run through the province. In 1854, he proposed a piece of legislation, the Kansas Nebraska Act. The bill created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska. Steven Douglas however decided to open up these territories to popular sovereignty. This however contravened with the Missouri Compromise, as both Kansas and Nebraska were located above the 36 ° 30†² N latitude where slavery was forbidden. Although there were many disputes with this bill, it eventually passed in May of 1854. Northern Democrats, Whigs, and Free Soilers were furious as they saw Congress being controlled by the pro-slavery South that supported the Kansas Nebraska Act. The passing of Kansas NebraskaShow MoreRelatedAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words   |  7 Pageswhich then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each other’s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. The American lives lost in the Civil War even exceeded the number of American lives lost during World War I and World War II. We were divided. The North wanted to reunite with the southern statesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was arguably the most important wa r in the history of the country. The War of Independence may have allowed American to become its’ own country, but the Civil War resulted in something even more important than that, the end of slavery in the southern states. All of the issues that caused the Civil war were based around slavery, such as states’ rights that involved how slavery would be handled in each state, and trying to preserve the Union since the south seceded from the northRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War856 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery may have been established as the catalyst of the American Civil War, but the beginning of the dispute began in the time of the Revolution with a weak decentralized government under the Articles of Confederation. Later gained momentum as territorial expansion set Americans against each other on debating whether the new states should be slave states or free states, it questioned the power of the Federal government regarding state rights, and brought about i nstability in the unity of the UnitedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1618 Words   |  7 Pages A Civil War is a battle between the same citizens in a country. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the independence for the Confederacy or the survival of the Union. By the time Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1861, in the mist of 34 states, the constant disagreement caused seven Southern slave states to their independence from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, generally known as the South, grew to include elevenRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War991 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War is known to most as the bloodiest war anyone has ever witnessed. It claimed the life of thousands of Americans and animosity that was built up over several years prior to it can be to blame. Most people think that slavery was the cause of this battle, and although slavery did play a part, it was not the main cause. The biggest roles played in the American Civil War were states’ rights, unfair bills, feelings of inferiority and threats to economy. The tension started duringRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. It was the bloodiest war in American history, killing approximately 620,000 soldiers in total. The War was fought and won by the North, ensuring that all the United States would stay united and slavery would be illegal in The United States. However, history is one of the most complicated things in the world. It’s also one of the most important things in the world because history is what made the present possible. Historians have debatedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War960 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery even if it meant war caused peace in this nation. Slavery was the vital cause of the American Civil War. The north and the south both had their differences on how to run the country. People in the North believed in unity and that slavery should not exist because â€Å"all men are created equally.† On the other hand, the South believed in continuing slavery. People tried to talk it out and come to a middle ground after both sides compromising, however that didn’t work and caused war. Ideological differencesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1439 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American Civil War began in the spring of 1861, those flocking to enlistment stations in states both north and south chiefly defined their cause as one of preservation. From Maine to Minnesota, young men joined up to preserve the Union. From Virginia to Texas, their future foes on the battlefield enlisted to preserve a social order, a social order at its core built on the institution of slavery and racial superiority . Secession had not been framed by prominent Southerners like Robert ToombsRead MoreThe Civil War And The American War1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe question of what caused the Civil War is debatable because there are several events that may have influenced the war such as the Wes tern Expansion, Manifest Destiny and the Mexican-American War. The war also stems from slavery, the North and South basically fought over whether or not slavery should be permitted. Another point that may have influenced the Civil War is the economic and social structure of the country, which also falls under slavery because the South main source of income was slaveryRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War913 Words   |  4 Pagesdisputed over the vast majority of causes of the American Civil War for ages. While some explanations may appear easier to pinpoint, the primary underlying catalyst to the start of the war was the controversy over slavery. Though the northern and southern regions of the United States fostered contrasting views on a range of issues, they shared the common perspective of promoting Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny was the prevalent attitude that induced Americans to expand from coast to coast. This inclination

Program Free Essays

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program: â€Å"Kaya ng Pinoy tumawid sa Kaunlaran† One afternoon, I bought chips and drinks in a mini-mart. I fall in a long line with people who are too busy checking up their groceries. I heard one talking about the money that they have to budget in a week or two that in some sort helps them in their living. We will write a custom essay sample on Program or any similar topic only for you Order Now The cash that they had was from a program. I was too curious about the program that they were talking about, what comes next was I found myself talking to one of these people about the program. The Bridge of the Filipino People Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program is one of government’s programs that aims to reduce the number of poor Filipinos through helping them in health and education particularly children who suffer at ages 0-14. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program provides cash subsidies to poor households in the country with zero to 14 years old children. It provides a P500 monthly allowance per household and P300 monthly per child under the health and education package respectively granted that the beneficiaries follow the set conditions of the program on health and education. Included in the program conditions are regular health checkups for children, pre- and post-natal checkups for pregnant women, 85 percent school attendance for children, and attendance on family development sessions monthly of parent-beneficiaries. Further, because of several factors that affect the indigenous people’s welfare – among which are cultural belief, isolation and lack of education, there is a need to establish links with non-government organizations, concerned local government units, and Civil Society Organizations to provide services and ensure the general welfare of the said group and address their specific concerns. Also, the DSWD Field Office IV-A reported that more frequent monitoring is being conducted to the group to ensure high compliance of the said families to program conditions and high involvement in the program activities. Other services being provided to the said groups are supplemental feeding, literacy class, livelihood projects, and birth registration. The program covers 17 regions, 80 provinces, 733 cities/municipalities including Lipa City. All in all, there are 1 million poor households covered in the program. Objectives of Pantawid Program First is eradating extreme poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality and empowering women. It provides assistance to the poor to alleviate their immediate needs and break the intergenerational cycle of poverty investment in human capital such as education, health and nutrition. The program aims to respond on the basic needs of the poor families through financial assistance and to elevate the poor through helping poor families in terms of their health, nutrition and education. Procedure on Beneficiaries selection: The DSWD-Region IV-A hired personnel for the survey of Lipenos last 2009. The following filled up form will proceed to Proxy Means Test (PMP). A machine that will determine the socio-economic category of families or either the families is poorest household. Third quarter of 2011, the DSWD Region IVA, provide us a copy of master list of eligible household with a total of 9,201 families/ Fourth quarter of 2011, we assisted the DSWD staff for organization of Assemblies for validation of household at PVM School and Marawoy-wherein our constituent submitted birth certificate, marriage contract, barangay clearance and 2 valid ID’s. From 9,201 household, 7,323 are complied with the requirements of the program. (1,878 not passed) Memorandum of agreement was signed by the Mayor. Identification card was given to qualified beneficiaries. There is only one design of the ID distributed to 72 barangay by the DSWD Central Office. The distribution of ID was done 2nd week to 3rd week of March simultaneously to cope with the scheduled of the pay out on March 27-31, 2012 for the month of January and February 2012. The amount of grant for the said month will be given on a cash basis at Landbank, Marawoy, lipa City by presenting the Identification Card issued. The program provides conditional cash to beneficiaries through Landbank. What are the Pantawid Benefits Health and Nutrition grant were P500. 00 per household and a total of 6,000 per year or yearly. In education, 300. 00 per month will be given per child for 10 months a year to a maximum of 3 children per household. A household with 3 qualified children (5-14 years old) will received a total of P900. 0 as long as they comply with the conditionality’s. Based on the category the amount to be received by the beneficiaries for a month were 500, 800, 1,100 and 1400 (based on the approved beneficiaries of the program) Last January and February the program have a total of 15,079,000. 00 grant to 7,323 Lipenos. The Conditionalities (Co-responsibilities of household beneficiaries) For the nutrition of children 0-5 years old, the beneficiary should visit the city health center to avail immunization. They should also have a monthly weight monitoring and nutrition counselling for the children age 0-2 years old and have quarterly weight monitoring for the age 25-37 weeks old. Lastly, they should have management of childhood disease for sick children 6-14 years old and must receive de worming pills twice a year. For the education of children ages 3-5 years old, they should be enrolled in day care of pre-school program and maintain a class attendance rate of at least 85% per month. For the children 6-14 years old they should also be enrolled in Elementary and Secondary School and maintain a class attendance rate of at least 85% per month. Aside from that, the parents or the guardian have their own responsibility. They must attend family development session at least once a month. They should participate in a community activities, (cleanliness drive, etc. ) and promote and strengthen the implementation of the program. â€Å"Pantawid Tulong† for the lipeno Families As of August 2012, there are 7, 290 lipeno grantees of Pantawid Pamilya Program and they are monitored every 2 months. The support of the City Mayor, Hon. Meynard A. Sabili to the implementation of the program was continuous as he personally participates in all of the activities of the program. He acted like a father caring to 7, 329 children and always reminding them of the Pantawid contionalities and how to be a good parent to their children. â€Å"Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a blessing to our family. I found a new partner to help me sustain the needs of my children.. † Ate Elsa said, one of the program’s beneficiary. -Yvette Landicho How to cite Program, Essay examples

Participant Observation Advantages and Disadvantages free essay sample

All methods involve observation, but participant observation is characterized by the extent to which its advocates insist on observation and interpretation of a situation, informed by an understanding of the situation from the point of view of the participants rather than the observer. An attempt is made to avoid imposing categories from outside. Participant observation is the method of anthropology, although it is used in a wide range of sociological studies when the researcher has become part of a daily round, learning languages and meanings, rules of impersonal, relations And in short, living the life of the people under study. (Hughes, 1976). Traditional participant observation is usually undertaken over an extended period of time, ranging from several months to many years, and even generations. An extended research time period means that the researcher is able to obtain more detailed and accurate information about the individuals, community, and population under study. Types of Participant Observation Non participant observation is an observational investigative method whereby the researcher or observer attends group events and records the observations without taking part in the groups activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Participant Observation Advantages and Disadvantages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The group has knowledge that the observer is present, but he or she is an inactive attendant. Covert observation is a research method in social science. With this method, the researcher goes undercover as one of the participants of the group he/she chooses as subject of the study. The researcher participates on the activities of the group while making observations on their behaviour or whatever factors are being studied. Overt observation involve researcher being open about the reason for her presence in the field of study since the researcher is given permission by the group to conduct her research and the use of a sponsor, who is an individual likely to occupy a high status within the group, therefore lessening any potential hostility towards the researcher. Participant observation is a research method in which the researcher actually takes part in the social phenomenon being studies. Structured observation refers to a systematic method of data collection, where there is considerable pre-coding and observation that normally takes place. In this method, the researcher records down all the events that he has observed in the field. Advantages of Covert Participant Observation An advantage of covert observation is that it allows us access to social groups that normally would not provide consent to being involved in studies. Therefore, allowing us to research and expand knowledge on lesser-known social groups, which in turn will widen our Psychological understanding of the world. Also, this type of observation avoids problems surrounding observer-effects and so may be considered to be higher in validity than overt observations. One famous example of covert participant observation is that undertaken by Erving Goffman in his study of mental hospitals, published as Stigma in 1968. Goffman worked in an asylum for the mentally ill as Assistant Athletic Director. His research was mainly covert, with only a couple of staff being privy to the knowledge of his research, and via this method he was able to uncover the unofficial reality of life in a mental institution. Advantages of Overt Participant Observation An advantage of overt observation is the avoiding ethics issues such as deception or lack of informed consent. Furthermore, it also prevents the researcher from becoming over-familiar with the participants and ‘going native’. Therefore, aiming to keep the observation objective and free from bias. Also data may be openly recorded. An example of overt participant observation is William F. Whytes study Street Corner Society, (1943) where he was protected from potential antagonism by his friendship with Doc, his sponsor. However, Whyte, despite employing an overt participant observer role, did increasingly come to view himself as one of the gang during his fieldwork research. Disadvantages of Covert Participant Observation Covert participant observation automatically raises ethical concerns. In this case, the researcher may not be protected, or may not protect others, from the risk of harm- especially if they social group they are studying are a deviant group that may partake in violent acts. Also, they will be deceiving the participants and will lack informed consent. Also, in this type of observation there are chances that the researcher could become bias in their view and may ‘go native’. Another disadvantage is close friendships are often resulting from connections with members of the group under study and the covert nature of the research can put a tremendous strain on the researcher, both in and out of the fieldwork setting. Example of a covert observation would be the famous Bandura’s 1961 Bobo doll study. In this study, after watching a model act violently the children were unknowingly observed as they played with toys, so the researcher could measure the childrens level of aggression after watching a model acting aggressively. The children were unaware that they were being observed and the reasons why they were involved in this study and therefore they would more likely to show natural displays of behaviour. Disadvantages of Overt Participant Observation However, a disadvantage would be that the participants understand the aims of the observer and so there is likely to be possible observer effects (the participants changing their behaviour acting in a way that they believe is expected by the experimenter). An example of an overt observation would be Williams, 1986 study on the media effects on anti-social behaviour in children. In this study 6-11 year old children from an isolated society were assessed on their levels of aggression after the introduction of TV. The children knew they were being studied and so they may have shown demand characteristics or social desirability effects. Quantitative Data Quantitative data refers to the numerical facts and figures that are collected during a research investigation or field of study. The data and or observations are then analysed and used to interpret a situation or event. Data is measured on a numerical scale such as a histogram, chart etc. Quantitative evidence provides a good overall picture of a population or geographical region. It can also often be used to measure trends over time. This type of evidence is valuable for describing who, what, where and when. Quantitative Primary Sources Primary data is most generally understood as data gathered from the information source and which has not undergone analysis before being included in the needs assessment. Primary data is collected directly from the affected population by the assessment team through field work. Primary data is most often collected through face to face interviews or discussions with members of the affected community, but can also be gathered through phone interviews, radio communication, email exchange, and direct observation. Quantitative Secondary Sources Quantitative secondary sources include a huge of statistical data produced by groups like companies, charities and pressure groups. A major source of such data is the mass of official statistics collected by national and local governments and other official agencies. These include census data, statistics on birth, marriages and deaths, and social services, unemployment, education, crime and health statistics. Qualitative data Qualitative data is information which does not present itself in numerical form and is descriptive, appearing mostly in conversational or narrative form. A good example of qualitative data is an answer that describes how good a certain type of massage feels-such data can not be quantified. Qualitative evidence provides richer, deeper and broader information based on a few individuals or case examples. This type of evidence is valuable for describing how and why. Qualitative Primary Sources The most common method is the qualitative research interview, but forms of the data collected can also include group discussions, observation and reflection field notes, various texts, pictures, and other materials. Qualitative research often categorizes data into patterns as the primary basis for organizing and reporting results. Qualitative researchers typically rely on the following methods for gathering information: Participant Observation, Non-participant Observation, Field Notes, Reflexive Journals, Structured Interview, Semi-structured Interview, Unstructured Interview, and Analysis of documents and materials. Qualitative Secondary Sources A secondary data is that which is found by another researcher that you then use yourself. Where you get this data from is known as the secondary source. Qualitative secondary sources could be newspapers, novels, art, autobiographies, diaries, TV programmes, historical documents, school reports, as well as many other examples. Conclusion Participant observation involves the researchers involvement in a variety of activities over an extended period of time that enable him/her to observe the cultural members in their daily lives and to participate in their activities to facilitate a better understanding of those behaviours and activities. The process of conducting this type of field work involves gaining entry into the community, selecting gatekeepers and key informants, participating in as many different activities as are allowable by the community members, clarifying ones findings through member checks, formal interviews, and informal conversations, and keeping organized, structured field notes to facilitate the development of a narrative that explains various cultural aspects to the reader. Participant observation is used as a mainstay in field work in a variety of disciplines, and, as such, has proven to be a beneficial tool for producing studies that provide accurate representation of a culture.